Essay on Plowing New Soil with World Agriculture - 2585 Words

Plowing New Soil with World Agriculture Since agriculture began to be developed nearly 10,000 years ago, people throughout the world have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals, and domesticated and bred them (Early Civilization). Today, people go to the market or grocery store to pick up cereal, rice, bread, meat, fruit, vegetables, and olives. People hardly ever think of where the food generally comes from. Most of the food that is found in the grocery store wouldnt be possible without world agriculture. Farming used to be primarily a family enterprise and to a large extent still is in most countries. In the more developed areas, however, more efficient large-scale operations are overtaking the smaller family†¦show more content†¦In Africa the figure was 60 percent; in South America 20 percent; and in Europe, 9 percent. The farm size varies ubiquitously from region to region. In the 1990s the average for Canadian farms was about 654 acres per farm; for farms in the United States, 469 acres. By comparison, the average size of a single land holding in the Philippines was 6.5 acres. The size also depends on the purpose of the farm (Compton 95). Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually on large equities. Single-crop plantations normally produce tea, rubber, and cocoa. Wheat farms are most competent when they comprise 1000s of acres and they can be managed by teams of people and machines. Livestock farms and Australian Sheep Stations must be immense enough to provide grazing for thousands of animals. The agricultural plots of Chinese communes and the cooperative farms held by Peruvian communities and other necessarily large agricultural units, as well as were the farms that were operated and owned by state employees in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Much of the foreign exchange earned by a single country may be derived from a discrete agricultural commodity; for example, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Sri Lanka relies on tea, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the United States, wheat, corn, and soybeansShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Organic Farming On The Environment1678 Words   |  7 PagesAgriculture has gone through a tremendous change over the last one hundred and fifty years, from family farms to formidable industrial agriculture. Combined with the changes in agriculture, changes have taken place in our environment as well. Industrial agriculture has led to soil degradation, ground water contamination, and prodigious amounts of fossil fuel and water usage. Organic farming is a way to combat these detrimental environmental effects, by avoiding chemical fertilizers and herbicidesRead MoreA Brief Look at the Green Revolution740 Words   |  3 Pagesprosperous farming lifestyle takes effort and ambition to achieve. Plowing farmland and planting seeds by hand are examples of what farmers cope with on the fields. These tasks are time consuming, labor intensive and not rewarding. To make matters worse, harvesting crops rarely gives farmers anything in return, which makes their work frustrating. Farmers who sacrifice their labor to a non-rewarding job is a serious issue in agriculture. Fortunate enough, an American scientist named â€Å"Norman Borlaug†Read MoreTaking a Look at the Dust Bowl2293 Words   |  9 Pagesfarming techniques, and drought, became a pivotal point in American history. 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The demands and effects of practicing agriculture as a means of survival created a new kind of community life, with new opportunities and new problems for humanity. For most of our history we supported ourselvesRead MoreThe Importance Of Responsible Nutrient Management to the Future of Agriculture 1354 Words   |  6 Pageshumungous impact in the structure of soil and plant formation. Microorganisms, which include many different fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, are considered the architects of the soil as they have the ability to create a strong ecosystem in the soil. Microorganisms work best in communities to develop the structures for plants. For microorganisms to thrive there has to be a diverse amount of nutrients in the soil for them to feed off of. Schulz (2013) explains, â€Å"soil aggregation is of upmost importanceRead MoreThe Differences Between China And Western Europe843 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine living in America and it not being well America. 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There are many organizations that lie to the American public each day to fulfill their self centered agendas. The organic sub-cultureRead MoreThe Economic Life Of Song China1136 Words   |  5 Pagesinventions: Gunpowder, Paper Money + Credit, Trade, Fast ripening rice, and how urban life in Song China shapes today’s economy in china. These inventions led to the growth in economy and prosperity in urban china. Agriculture is one of the major productions of every country in the world. Every country has specific crops that are distinct to their area. Naturally, it would lead to better quality of life with as surplus grows. It has a benefit to the economy as well. The surplus can always be a wayRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1510 Words   |  7 Pagesscientists and farmers are faced with the task of producing 60% more food t substance the world population.(www.un.org) Another concern on the introduction of genetically modified organisms in agriculture is impact it will have on the environment. Since the introduction of GM farming, there are now 22 species of â€Å"superweeds† resulting in the infestation of 61 million acres of U.S. farmland; both Dow and Monsanto have a new dicamba-resistant crop, which will counteract the super weed issues.(CHO 6). CrossbreedingRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Ghana Faces and Suggested Solutions1404 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping country, is facing so many environmental challenges despite the policies put in place by the various institutions to help curb this problem. Some of these challenges are lack of proper waste management, deforestation, pollution, land or soil degradation, desertification and resource depletion among others. This essay seeks to elaborate briefly on some of the main environmental challenges confronting Ghana and also throw more light on the concept of sustainable development. To start with

Store 24 Case Analysis Solution - 4929 Words

Data Analysis and Decision Making Under Uncertainty Week 12 Workshop Store24 Solutions 2 Data Analysis Decision Making Under Uncertainty (2009) Part 1: Developing a model for FutureContribution Figure 1 Plots of each predictor variable against FutureContribution Scatterplot of FutureContribution vs CYJCWScore Correlation -0.063 50000 50000 Scatterplot of FutureContribution vs BanBoredomScore Correlation 0.164 FutureContribution FutureContribution 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 75 80 85 90 95 100 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 StatTools Student Version For Academic Use Only StatTools Student Version For Academic Use Only CYJCWScore BanBoredomScore Scatterplot of†¦show more content†¦5 75 Std.Residuals Std.Residuals 1 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 60 70 StatTools Student Version 80 StatTools Student Version 80 For Academic Use Only 85 90 95 100 For 90 Academic Use Only 100 110 120 130 140 CYJCWScore BanBoredomScore Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs CrewSkills 2.5 2 1.5 2.5 2 1.5 Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs ManagerSkills Std.Residuals 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 2 Std.Residuals 1 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 2 StatTools Student Version 2.5 StatTools Student Version 2.5 For Academic Use Only 3 3.5 4 4.5 For Academic Use Only 3 3.5 4 4.5 CrewSkills ManagerSkills Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs Population 2.5 2 1.5 2.5 2 1.5 Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs PerCapitaIncome Std.Residuals 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 0 5000 Std.Residuals 1 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 0 10000 StatTools Student Version For 10000Academic Use Only 15000 20000 25000 30000 StatTools Student Version For 20000Academic Use Only 30000 40000 50000 60000 Population PerCapitaIncome Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs NumberofCompetitors 2.5 2 1.5 2.5 2 1.5 Scatterplot of Std.Residuals vs Fit Std.Residuals 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 0 1 Std.Residuals 1 1 0.5 0 10000 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 StatTools Student Version 2 StatTools Student Version 20000 For Academic4Use Only 3 5 6 7 8 For 30000 Academic Use Only 40000 50000 60000 NumberofCompetitors Fit Store24 Solutions – (2009) 3 Part 1 (a) Inadequacies The plots of standardisedShow MoreRelatedThe Face Of Face Communication1274 Words   |  6 Pagesenable the organization’s management to gather business insights and improve their profitability. 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Organizations have found its application across various sectors from Sports to Security, from Healthcare to e-Commerce. Information when rightly put in use can cease the market. For instance, with the rise of smart phone purchases, transactions throughRead MoreIntroduction. According To The Mission Statement Of This1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction According to the mission statement of this company its, objective is to provide a good product by not causing harm to the environment. It speaks of using the company as a means to inspire but also create solutions for the current environmental issues. The company in this case is mostly concerned, that is sticking to its core values that are centered on the environment. The company seems to have a great mission statement but lacks to have a true customer service oriented mentality. By lookingRead MoreCounter Point1068 Words   |  5 Pageslike Frappuccino was not a true coffee drink. 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When enterprise data is split into two databases, disk-based row-oriented database systems are used for operational data and column-oriented databases are used for analytics

Taylorism and Early Management Theory

Question: Discuss about the Taylorism and Early Management Theory. Answer: Introduction Managing is an activity which is very important in every humans life. This quality of human has been seen in every humans life from the time they have been associated with social organisations whether directly or indirectly. Managing has shown how humans coordinate with different individual efforts. We all know that in the society every aspect of social life is associated with management. Society is a thing which is continuously dependent on the group of people and their activities. So, when any group is involved in any work then the first thing which is needed is managing them. Here comes the emergence of management. Management Theory and Practice Management is not only a subject but it is something which is not only indulged in office work or industrial work. It is also associated with all other activities around the world. It has many theories involved in it. Hence, management theories are a collection of different ideas which are set forth in general ideas on how a business or organisation can be managed. Management theories include the idea that shows how supervisors and managers can connect to their organisations and firm to complete their goals towards their company. It also shows how they are able to implement their ideas and ethics for the betterment of the organisation. It has been seen that management theories help them to accomplish goals by motivating the employees to perform according to their highest standards. Frederick Taylor had made a scientific theory for management. As told earlier management is a part of human life from a long time as early as the 1700s. There have been some major changes during the 20th century. According to this theory, the first motto of management is to understand the process of work scientifically. In the practice of this theory, it was first seen how the work was done and then how this affected the working of the people around. Taylor's philosophy was that it is not about how hard people are working but then how the work could be done in a proper way so that the workers are also not exploited ("Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management", 2016). In 1909, Federick Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management. In this theory, he explained how with proper optimization and simplification in the work a goal could be achieved to bring about prosperity in the company. He also included the idea that the manager and worker have to work in a cooperative manner. Earlier the manager did not have much intimacy with the workers like they have now. A factory manager had very less contact with the workers at that time. There was no standardization of work at that time. There was no motivation given to the workers. The workers motivation was always considered to be his employment. There were no incentives also for any extra work or achievements to motivate them ("Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management", 2016). The principles of Federick Taylor which are applicable to every organization are replace work rule of thumb" instead use the scientific method, workers should simply assign work and if they do not know the work then they should be given proper training of the work they are about to do. Work performance should be monitored and proper supervision on the work ("Taylors scientific management concept and his contributions", 2013). Maslows Hierarchy is also another theory which is directly not a part of management but very much effective in the case of management. According to this hierarchy, the most fundamental needs are given in the bottom and self-actualization at the top. The basic four layers of the hierarchy include the basic needs. These were termed as deficiency needs or d-needs by Maslow. If these needs were not satisfied by the human then they become anxious and tensed. Mow low declared there are certain needs which dominate human organism. So due unsatisfactory wishes in life people tend to lose hope and happiness in life ("MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS", 2016). William Edwards Deming is one of the leading management thinkers of the 19th and the 20th century. He was a business consultant and statistician who helped in the process of recovery of Japan after the Second World War. According to his method at first, there should be a proper discussion and plan between the individual and the organisation ("W Edwards Deming: Total Quality Management Thinker", 2016). Deming had put forth fourteen points for his theory which are applicable to every organization which helps to create a consistency and constancy in business with a competitive aim to stay in the business and provide jobs, there should always be the adoption of new philosophies, dependence on mass inspection should be ceased, the process of awarding business based on price tags should be stopped instead the total cost should be decreased, training and retraining institutes should be there in the firm, there should be improved processes and less wastage, there should be the policy of helping people towards a better job, there should not be any sort of fear in the minds of the people working in the firm, all the members of the company should have proper coordination and communication with each other, there should not be any barrier, there should not be targets or any sort of slogans for the target, there should not be barriers to the pride of workmanship, there should be proper retraini ng and education program for the managers and the workers, management and the workforce should have proper communication; and there should not be any numerical quotas ("Demings 14 points", 2016). Conclusion So, from the above report we see that management is not only managing people but also about motivation and encouragement. The workers are of great priority for the firm. This thing should be there in the firm. They should not be exploited. They should be given a proper amount for their hard work. If there comes a situation in the workers that they are not being to cope with the work then they should be given proper training. The managing committee should have proper communication with the workers. If all the theories are applied properly then there shall be prosperity in the business. References Demings 14 points. (2016).Hci. Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management. (2016).Understanding Taylorism and Early Management Theory. Retrieved 5 December 2016, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_Taylor.htm MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS. (2016).LEARNING THEORIES. Retrieved 5 December 2016, from https://www.learning-theories.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html Taylors scientific management concept and his contributions. (2013).Reference Notes. Retrieved 5 December 2016, from https://notes.tyrocity.com/taylors-scientific-management-concept-and-his-contributions/ W Edwards Deming: Total Quality Management Thinker. (2016).Management Business studies portal. Retrieved 5 December 2016, from https://mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/busmanhist/mgmtthinkers/deming.aspx

Research Proposal on School Uniforms Essay Example

Research Proposal on School Uniforms Essay A school uniform is a certain dress-code established for students at high school, college and university. The idea of school uniforms has appeared hundreds of years ago with the establishment of the first educational institutions. Every reputed school and college invented its own dress-code and ordered its students and teachers to follow this code scrupulously. There are special school uniforms which contained the emblem of the educational institution and proved that the student belongs to this school. Prestigious schools and colleges had sophisticated uniforms and students were proud to be able to wear them. The question about school uniforms is quite urgent and has positive and negative sides. The supporters of the idea of wearing school uniforms claim that a school uniform is the appropriate type of the official dress-code and it teaches children to get used to the official type of clothing. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Uniforms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Uniforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on School Uniforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, school uniforms introduce the phenomenon of equality into the class, because if the students look the same, it will be difficult to abuse someone because of his tastes in clothes and the family income (it is obvious that beautiful clothes is expensive and student detect the mates with the unfavorable financial background and mock at them). The opponents of school uniform say that the uniform deprives students from freedom and choice. Some opponents say that the uniform looks like terribly and old-fashioned. Nowadays many schools continue practising the use of the school uniforms but they chance the design of the clothes to make it look nice and up-to-date. Teachers and especially parents enjoy seeing their children looking in the official way and even fashionable. The problem of school uniforms can be called quite a serious topic for the discussion, because modern children have lost the sense of responsibility and duty and a school uniform will teach them to dress in the official way preparing to the life as grownups. The student who is researching the topic on school uniforms is supposed to explain the reason of the choice of the topic, the issues which provoked this choice and the advantages and disadvantages of uniforms. One should dwell on the core questions and share the methods and literary sources with the reader in order to show what issues on school uniforms which require investigation and improvement. Research proposal writing is the serious challenge for the inexperienced students who do not have the idea about the appropriate manner of writing. With the assistance of a free example research proposal on school uniforms the student can improve his chance of writing a persuasive text and compose the right structure for Master’s or PhD paper. Only with the help of a free sample papers on school uniforms the student will manage to choose the right research approach towards the topic and succeed in the analysis of the problem in the objective way. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on School Uniform topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Lodz Ghetto

Lodz Ghetto What Was the Lodz Ghetto? On February 8, 1940, the Nazis ordered the 230,000 Jews of Lodz, Poland, the second largest Jewish community in Europe, into a confined area of only 1.7 square miles (4.3 square kilometers) and on May 1, 1940, the Lodz Ghetto was sealed. The Nazis chose a Jewish man named Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski to lead the ghetto. Rumkowski had the idea that if the ghetto residents worked then the Nazis would need them; however, the Nazis still started deportations to the Chelmno Death Camp on January 6, 1942. On June 10, 1944, Heinrich Himmler ordered the Lodz Ghetto liquidated and the remaining residents were taken to either Chelmno or Auschwitz. The Lodz Ghetto was empty by August 1944. The Persecution Begins When Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the world watched with concern and disbelief. The following years revealed persecution of Jews, but the world reveled in the belief that by appeasing Hitler, he and his beliefs would remain within Germany. On September 1, 1939, Hitler shocked the world by attacking Poland. Using blitzkrieg tactics, Poland fell within three weeks. Lodz, located in central Poland, held the second largest Jewish community in Europe, second only to Warsaw. When the Nazis attacked, Poles and Jews worked frantically to dig ditches to defend their city. Only seven days after the attack on Poland began, Lodz was occupied. Within four days of Lodzs occupation, Jews became targets for beatings, robberies, and seizure of property. September 14, 1939, only six days after the occupation of Lodz, was Rosh Hashanah, one of the holiest days within the Jewish religion. For this High Holy day, the Nazis ordered businesses to stay open and the synagogues to be closed. While Warsaw was still fighting off the Germans (Warsaw finally surrendered on September 27), the 230,000 Jews in Lodz were already feeling the beginnings of Nazi persecution. On November 7, 1939, Lodz was incorporated into the Third Reich and the Nazis changed its name to Litzmannstadt (Litzmanns city) - named after a German general who died while attempting to conquer Lodz in World War I. The next several months were marked by daily round-ups of Jews for forced labor as well as random beatings and killings on the streets. It was easy to distinguish between Pole and Jew because on November 16, 1939, ​the Nazis had ordered Jews to wear an armband on their right arm. The armband was the precursor to the ​yellow Star of David badge, which was soon to follow on December 12, 1939. Planning the Lodz Ghetto On December 10, 1939, Friedrich Ubelhor, the governor of the Kalisz-Lodz District, wrote a secret memorandum that set out the premise for a ghetto in Lodz. The Nazis wanted Jews concentrated in ghettos so when they found a solution to the Jewish problem, whether it be emigration or genocide, it could easily be carried out. Also, enclosing the Jews made it relatively easy to extract the hidden treasures that Nazis believed Jews were hiding. There had already been a couple of ghettos established in other parts of Poland, but the Jewish population had been relatively small and those ghettos had remained open - meaning, the Jews and the surrounding civilians were still able to have contact. Lodz had a Jewish population estimated at 230,000, living throughout the city. For a ghetto of this scale, real planning was needed. Governor Ubelhor created a team made up of representatives from the major policing bodies and departments. It was decided that the ghetto would be located in the northern section of Lodz where many Jews were already living. The area that this team originally planned only constituted 1.7 square miles (4.3 square kilometers). To keep non-Jews out of this area before the ghetto could be established, a warning was issued on January 17, 1940 proclaiming the area planned for the ghetto to be rampant with infectious diseases. The Lodz Ghetto Is Established On February 8, 1940, the order to establish the Lodz Ghetto was announced. The original plan was to set up the ghetto in one day, in actuality, it took weeks. Jews from throughout the city were ordered to move into the sectioned off area, only bringing what they could hurriedly pack within just a few minutes. The Jews were packed tightly within the confines of the ghetto with an average of 3.5 people per room. In April a fence went up surrounding the ghetto residents. On April 30, the ghetto was ordered closed and on May 1, 1940, merely eight months after the German invasion, the Lodz ghetto was officially sealed. The Nazis did not just stop with having the Jews locked up within a small area, they wanted the Jews to pay for their own food, security, sewage removal, and all other expenses incurred by their continuing incarceration. For the Lodz ghetto, the Nazis decided to make one Jew responsible for the entire Jewish population. The Nazis chose Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. Rumkowski and His Vision To organize and implement Nazi policy within the ghetto, the Nazis chose a Jew named Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. At the time Rumkowski was appointed Juden Alteste (Elder of the Jews), he was 62 years old, with billowy, white hair. He had held various jobs, including insurance agent, velvet factory manager, and director of the Helenowek orphanage before the war began. No one really knows why the Nazis chose Rumkowski as the Alteste of Lodz. Was it because he seemed like he would help the Nazis achieve their aims by organizing the Jews and their property? Or did he just want them to think this so that he could try to save his people? Rumkowski is shrouded in controversy. Ultimately, Rumkowski was a firm believer in the autonomy of the ghetto. He started many programs that replaced outside bureaucracy with his own. Rumkowski replaced the German currency with ghetto money that bore his signature - soon referred to as Rumkies. Rumkowski also created a post office (with a stamp with his image) and a sewage clean up department since the ghetto had no sewage system. But what soon materialized was the problem of acquiring food. Hunger Leads to a Plan to Work With 230,000 people confined to a very small area that had no farmland, food quickly became a problem. Since the Nazis insisted on having the ghetto pay for its own upkeep, money was needed. But how could Jews who were locked away from the rest of society and who had been stripped of all valuables make enough money for food and housing?   Rumkowski believed that if the ghetto was transformed into an extremely useful workforce, then the Jews would be needed by the Nazis. Rumkowski believed that this usefulness would ensure that the Nazis would supply the ghetto with food. On April 5, 1940, Rumkowski petitioned the Nazi authorities requesting permission for his work plan. He wanted the Nazis to deliver raw materials, have the Jews make the final products, then have the Nazis pay the workers in money and in food.   On April 30, 1940, ​Rumkowskis proposal was accepted with one very important change - the workers would only be paid in food. Notice that no one agreed upon how much food, nor how often it was to be supplied. Rumkowski immediately began setting up factories and all those able and willing to work were found jobs. Most of the factories required workers to be over 14 years old but often very young children and older adults found work in mica splitting factories. Adults worked in factories that produced everything from textiles to munitions. Young girls were even trained to hand stitch the emblems for the uniforms of German soldiers. For this work, the Nazis delivered food to the ghetto. The food entered the ghetto in bulk and was then confiscated by Rumkowskis officials. Rumkowski had taken over food distribution. With this one act, Rumkowski truly became the absolute ruler of the ghetto, for survival was contingent on food.   Starving and Suspicions The quality and quantity of the food delivered to the ghetto were ​less than minimal, often with large portions being completely spoiled. Ration cards were quickly put into effect for food on June 2, 1940. By December, all provisions were rationed. The amount of food given to each individual depended upon your work  status. Certain factory jobs meant a bit more bread than others. Office workers, however, received the most. An average factory worker received one bowl of soup (mostly water, if you were fortunate you would have a couple of barley beans floating in it), plus the usual rations of one loaf of bread for five days (later the same amount was supposed to last seven days), a small amount of vegetables (sometimes preserved beets that were mostly ice), and brown water that was supposed to be coffee.   This amount of food starved people. As ghetto residents really started feeling hunger, they became increasingly suspicious of Rumkowski and his officials. Many rumors floated around blaming Rumkowski for the lack of food, saying that he dumped useful food on purpose. The fact that each month, even each day, the residents became thinner and increasingly afflicted with dysentery, tuberculosis, and typhus while Rumkowski and his officials seemed to fatten and remained healthy just spurred suspicions. Searing anger afflicted the population, blaming Rumkowski for their troubles. When dissenters of the Rumkowski rule voiced their opinions, Rumkowski made speeches labeling them traitors to the cause. Rumkowski believed that these people were a direct threat to his work ethic, thus punished them and. later, deported them. Newcomers in the Fall and Winter 1941 During the High Holy days in the fall of 1941, the news hit - 20,000 Jews from other areas of the Reich were being transferred to the Lodz Ghetto. Shock swept throughout the ghetto. How could a ghetto that could not even feed its own population, absorb 20,000 more? The decision had already been made by the Nazi officials and the transports arrived from September through October with approximately one thousand people arriving each day. These newcomers were shocked at the conditions in Lodz. They did not believe that their own fate could ever really mingle with these emaciated people, because the newcomers had never felt hunger. Freshly off the trains, the newcomers had shoes, clothes, and most importantly, reserves of food. The newcomers were dropped into a completely different world, where the inhabitants had lived for two years, watching the hardships grow more acute. Most of these newcomers never adjusted to ghetto life and in the end, boarded the transports to their death with the thought that they must be going somewhere better than the Lodz Ghetto. In addition to these Jewish newcomers, 5,000 Roma (Gypsies) were transported into the Lodz ghetto. In a speech delivered on October 14, 1941, Rumkowski announced the coming of the Roma. We are forced to take about 5000 Gypsies into the ghetto. Ive explained that we cannot live together with them. Gypsies are the sort of people who can to anything. First they rob and then they set fire and soon everything is in flames, including your factories and materials. * When the Roma arrived, they were housed in a separate area of the Lodz Ghetto. Deciding Who Would Be the First Deported December 10, 1941, another announcement shocked the Lodz Ghetto. Though Chelmno had only been in operation for two days, the Nazis wanted 20,000 Jews deported out of the ghetto. Rumkowski talked them down to 10,000. Lists were put together by ghetto officials. The remaining Roma were the first to be deported. If you were not working, had been designated a criminal, or if you were a family member of someone in the first two categories, then you would be next on the list. The residents were told that the deportees were being sent to Polish farms to work. While this list was being created, Rumkowski became engaged to Regina Weinberger - a young lawyer who had become his legal advisor. They were soon married. The winter of 1941-42 was very harsh for ghetto residents. Coal and wood were rationed, thus there was not enough to drive away frostbite let alone cook food. Without a fire, much of the rations, especially potatoes, could not be eaten. Hordes of residents descended upon wooden structures - fences, outhouses, even some buildings were literally torn apart. The Deportations to Chelmno Begin Beginning on January 6, 1942, those who had received the summons for deportations (nicknamed wedding invitations) were required for transport. Approximately one thousand people per day left on the trains. These people were taken to the Chelmno Death Camp  and gassed by carbon monoxide in trucks. By January 19, 1942, 10,003 people had been deported. After only a couple of weeks, the Nazis requested more deportees. To make the deportations easier, the Nazis slowed the delivery of food into the ghetto and then promised people going on the transports a meal. From February 22 to April 2, 1942, 34,073 people were transported to Chelmno. Almost immediately, another request for deportees came. This time specifically for the newcomers that had been sent to Lodz from other parts of the Reich. All the newcomers were to be deported except anyone with German or Austrian military honors. The officials in charge of creating the list of deportees also excluded officials of the ghetto. In September 1942, another deportation request. This time, everyone unable to work was to be deported. This included the sick, the old, and the children. Many parents refused to send their children to the transport area so the Gestapo entered the Lodz Ghetto and viciously searched and removed the deportees. Two More Years After the September 1942 deportation, Nazi requests nearly halted. The German armaments division was desperate for munitions, and since the Lodz Ghetto now consisted purely of workers, they were indeed needed. For nearly two years, the residents of the Lodz Ghetto worked, hungered, and mourned. The End: June 1944 On June 10, 1944,  Heinrich Himmler  ordered the liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto. The Nazis told Rumkowski and Rumkowski told the residents that workers were needed in Germany to repair the damages caused by air raids. The  first transport  left on June 23, with many others following until July 15. On July 15, 1944 the transports halted. The decision had been made to liquidate Chelmno because Soviet troops were getting close. Unfortunately, this only created a two week hiatus,  for the remaining transports  would be sent to Auschwitz. By August 1944, the Lodz Ghetto had been liquidated. Though a few remaining workers were retained by the Nazis to finish confiscating materials and valuables out of the ghetto, everyone else had been deported. Even Rumkowski and his family were included in these last transports to Auschwitz. Liberation Five months later, on January 19, 1945, the Soviets liberated the Lodz Ghetto. Of the 230,000  Lodz Jews  plus the 25,000 people transported in, only 877 remained. * Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, Speech on October 14, 1941, in  Lodz Ghetto: Inside a Community Under Siege  (New York, 1989), pg. 173. Bibliography Adelson, Alan and Robert Lapides (ed.).  Lodz Ghetto: Inside a Community Under Siege. New York, 1989. Sierakowiak, Dawid.  The Diary of Dawid Sierakowiak: Five Notebooks from the Lodz Ghetto. Alan Adelson (ed.). New York, 1996. Web, Marek (ed.).  The  Documents of the Lodz Ghetto: An Inventory of the Nachman Zonabend Collection. New York, 1988. Yahil, Leni.  The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry. New York, 1991.

Use OptionParser to Parse Commands in Ruby

Use OptionParser to Parse Commands in Ruby In the article discussing OptionParsers features we discussed some of the reasons that make using OptionParser in Ruby preferable to looking through ARGV manually to parse commands by hand. Now its time to get down to learning how to use OptionParser and its features. The following boilerplate code will be used for all the examples in this tutorial. To try any of the examples, simply put the examples opts.on block next to the TODO comment. Running the program will print the state of the options has and ARGV, allowing you to examine the effects of your switches. #!/usr/bin/env rubyrequire optparserequire pp# This hash will hold all of the options# parsed from the command-line by# OptionParser.options {}optparse OptionParser.new do|opts|# TODO: Put command-line options here# This displays the help screen, all programs are# assumed to have this option.opts.on( -h, help, Display this screen ) doputs optsexitendend# Parse the command-line. Remember there are two forms# of the parse method. The parse method simply parses# ARGV, while the parse! method parses ARGV and removes# any options found there, as well as any parameters for# the options. Whats left is the list of files to resize.optparse.parse!pp Options:, optionspp ARGV:, ARGV Simple Switch A simple switch is an argument with no optional forms or no parameters. The effect will be to simply set a flag in the options hash. No other parameters will be passed to the on method. options[:simple] falseopts.on( -s, simple, Simple argument ) dooptions[:simple] trueend Switch with Mandatory Parameter Switches that take a parameter only need to state the parameter name in the long form of the switch. For example, -f, file FILE means the -f or file switch takes a single parameter called FILE, and this parameter is mandatory. You cannot use either -f or file without also passing it a parameter. options[:mand] opts.on( -m, mandatory FILE, Mandatory argument ) do|f|options[:mand] fend Switch with Optional Parameter Switch parameters dont have to be mandatory, they can be optional. To declare a switch parameter optional, place its name in brackets in the switch description. For example, logfile [FILE] means the FILE parameter is optional. If not supplied, the program will assume a sane default, such as a file called log.txt. In the example, the idiom a b || c is used. This is just shorthand for a b, but if b is false or nil, a c. options[:opt] falseopts.on( -o, optional [OPT], Optional argument ) do|f|options[:opt] f || nothingend Automatically Convert to Float OptionParser can automatically convert argument to some types. One of these types is Float. To automatically convert your arguments to a switch to Float, pass Float to the on method after your switch description strings. Automatic conversions are handy. Not only do they save you the step of converting the string to the desired type, but also check the format for you and will throw an exception if it is formatted incorrectly. options[:float] 0.0opts.on( -f, float NUM, Float, Convert to float ) do|f|options[:float] fend Some other types that OptionParser can convert to automatically include Time and Integer. Lists of Arguments Arguments can be interpreted as lists. This can be seen as converting to an array, as you converted to Float. While your option string can define the parameter to be called a,b,c, OptionParser will blindly allow any number of elements in the list. So, if you need a specific number of elements, be sure to check the array length yourself. options[:list] []opts.on( -l, list a,b,c, Array, List of parameters ) do|l|options[:list] lend Set of Arguments Sometimes it makes sense to restrict arguments to a switch to a few choices. For example, the following switch will only take a single mandatory parameter, and the parameter must be one of yes, no or maybe. If the parameter is anything else at all, an exception will be thrown. To do this, pass a list of acceptable parameters as symbols after the switch description strings. options[:set] :yesopts.on( -s, set OPT, [:yes, :no, :maybe], Parameters from a set ) do|s|options[:set] send Negated Forms Switches can have a negated form. The switch negated can have one that does the opposite effect, called no-negated. To describe this in the switch description string, place the alternative portion in brackets: [no-]negated. If the first form is encountered, true will be passed to the block, and false will be blocked if the second form is encountered. options[:neg] falseopts.on( -n, [no-]negated, Negated forms ) do|n|options[:neg] nend

Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the Essay

Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the subject drawing relevant conclusions - Essay Example Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the subject drawing relevant conclusions On the other hand, labour and material costs are easily traceable and can therefore easily be associated with the final product (Hartley, 2009). The allocation and measurement of overhead costs is therefore a very important factor in accounting given that it makes no sense to engage in production if the business experiences much overhead cost that cannot balance the revenues (Hilton, 2012). The overhead costs in business are basically the costs the ongoing expenses realized in the operations. They include electricity, rent wages and gas. The name overhead arises out of the fact that these costs cannot be easily associated with the final products but are nevertheless imperative for the continued functioning of the business (Kieso & Weygandt, 2001). In any case, most of the overhead costs are not directly related to the business. For instance full rent for the premises has to be paid whether the business operates for fewer hours or not. In the income statement, the overhead costs inclu de all the costs except direct materials, direct labour and direct expenses (Horngren, 2002). Overhead allocation In most cases, the overhead costs are normally much higher than the direct costs. In this regard, accountants must effectively allocate overhead costs to the inventory. Overhead costs normally fall into two categories. Administrative overheads include all the costs realized in production and development of goods such as front office and sales. Manufacturing overheads include all the costs incurred by the business other than direct costs (Innes & Mitchell, 2005). It is imperative to allocate the manufacturing overheads to the inventory items classified as finished goods or work in progress. However, the overheads should not be allocated to the raw materials. In one procedure, all the manufacturing costs are accumulated into cost pools and then an activity formula is applied in apportioning the overheads in the cost pools to the inventory in the business. As such, the allo cation formula becomes: Cost pool/Total activity measure= Overhead allocation per Unit Absorption costing In some cases, the overhead costs are ignored from the general expenses realized by a business. In this case, absorption costing is an important way of ensuring that such omissions are well addressed. Unlike variable costing where the fixed costs are not actually absorbed by the product, absorption costing ensures that all the direct costs realized in the production of goods are factored within the cost base. In this case, absorption costing is important given that the fixed cost normally provide future benefits to the business. Through the use of absorption costing, the overhead costs are easily included in the total production costs and can therefore be attributed to any unit production. Tax advantages Manufacturing overhead costs are normally tax deductible. It is therefore very important for the business to effectively track all these cost to the overall manufacturing expens es. In this case, the taxable income can greatly be reduced and subsequently lower the tax burden for the business (Khalik, 2008). Most of the overhead costs are normally deductible in the very year they are incurred which actually works to the advantage of the business. Nevertheless, equipment is depreciated over a period of years. Disadvantages Rising prices Considering the inflationary environment realized in the present business environment, the rising overhead costs

Cellular Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cellular Network - Essay Example The 3rd generation based technologies consist of set of protocols, standards and new concepts which provide further advanced and improved quality based services. 3G incorporates special set of software applications, as well as hardware devices. 3G enabled technologies incorporate set of frequencies, standards and patents that are formally approved by I.T.U (International Telecommunication Union). The I.T.U is a globally approved and globally centralized entity that defines the standards and ensures global transmission of digital communication across the wireless medium. 3rd Generation based technologies come in the form of set of coding techniques that allow improved working in terms of security, speed and performance. One of the key coding techniques is that of C.D.M.A. C.D.M.A is an acronym for Code division Multiplexing Access. This comes as a successor to the T.D.M and F.D.M which were used by the 1st Generational and 2nd Generational technologies based communication. C.D.M.A provides advanced performances such as increased number of users’ facilitation, more secure transmission, less chances of interferences and breaking into the network and various other features. The 3G enabled technologies made it possible using the broadband technology speed for data transmission. It enabled Giga Bit transmissions which would be more effectively used in the 4th generation and proceeding technologies as the journey of advancements continue. 3rd generation based technologies provide variable rates subject to the platform and medium. From a static station the data rates peak up to 384 kilo bits per second. On the go transmissions vary relatively in terms of speed. On the go rates are relatively low and are up to the range of 128 kilo bits per second. Owing to the data rates variation and a feature which comes as a positive side of this technology, the 3rd generational

Effects of Colonial America Essay Example for Free

Effects of Colonial America Essay Despite the fact the regions of New England and the Chesapeake Bay were settled by people of English origin, the two areas evolved into two different societies. The changes in the formation of colonial America occurred because of the motivations for settlement, economic opportunities in the area, and the structure of towns and cities differed among the settlers. The New England colonies’ were established from the motivation of religious freedom and to cleanse the English church, while the Chesapeake region was settled to make a profit in the mother country, England. The New England colonies began with the settlement of the pilgrims likewise known as the Puritans. The Puritans first emerged in England, to escape religious persecution and to cleanse themselves of the corrupt English church the Puritans fled to the New England region The Puritans feared what the future of England held in store, so the majority of them immigrated with their families to New England all around the same time, which is known today as the great migration. This led the New England colonies to be primarily family based. On the other hand, the Chesapeake Bay colonies’ were founded quite differently. The Chesapeake settlers’ motivation in settlement was result of the poor economic conditions in England. Immigrants hoped for a better life and better economic standing in the new world. The majority of these immigrants were single men who came over as indentured servants, and served for five to seven years before being released as a free man. This in turn lead the Chesapeake region to be entirely male dominate. In addition to indentured servants, wealthy men also immigrated to the new world in hopes to find gold, but instead found an item worth far greater, tobacco. This discovery of tobacco in the fertile soils of the Chesapeake caused the complete dividing point in the foundation of the Chesapeake and the New English opportunities in the area. Because of the perfect conditions the area of the Chesapeake posed, tobacco became the largest profit for the mother county, England. Tobacco was known as the gold of Virginia, which was the first Chesapeake colony. England, having realized the importance of tobacco fought for control over these colonies and succeeded, making the Chesapeake apart of royal colonies of the New World. On the very contrast were the New England colonies that didn’t have the right condition to profit from the growing of tobacco, so instead wealthy merchants traded with the Indians to obtain furs and other needed items. This resulted in New England not to become targeted as a resource by England’s crown. Thus New England did not become part of the royal colonies such as the Chesapeake did. This in turn made the New England colonies more suitable for families to settle and establish homes and churches. With the immigration of families into the New England society, the establishment of towns and cities resulted in a stark contrast to the Chesapeake Bay colonies. Returning to the Puritan families, the settlement of groups of families caused towns and cities to be built, with the church creating religious principals. The living conditions made it ideal for families to reside and because of this birth rate and survival were higher in New England. The establishment of towns created a more stable foundation for the New England colonies. Never the less, the lack of families in the Chesapeake region caused a deficiency of towns to be built. This in return caused little social unity and no stable family life. Men outnumbered women in the region and the high death rate in this area caused large numbers of single men, widows, and orphans. Without the establishment of towns, large tobacco plantations became the soul of the Chesapeake. This resulted in very distinct societies of the Chesapeake and New England. All things considered, the contrast of the Chesapeake and New England societies is marked by motivation for settlement, thus shown in the types of immigrants’ beliefs. In addition, the area also gave a startling impact to how the land was settled, which resulted in the making of towns verses the running of large plantations. Even though the setters all came from the same place, these slight differences made a huge impact in the Chesapeake and New England colonies.

Essay Comparing Brave New World and The Giver -- comparison compare co

Comparing Brave New World and The Giver    When one examines the similarities between Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and The Giver by Lois Lowry, they may be baffled. They may think that Lowry just did a run off of Huxley's highly successful masterpiece. The similarities are extraordinary, but so are their differences. Many aspects of these novels are almost identical while others are completely foreign to each other. Both of these novels feature structured societies, but the societies are not the same. In Brave New World, there are no families or definite partners, but neither society believes in love or true family. The Giver has no specific caste system, but the members of their community do not have control of their own future; that is left to the elders of the community. Lastly are Jonas and John. They are basically the main characters and both endure severe inner troubles, but are they similar enough to make the novels similar?    In Brave New World, there is definitely a caste system of community members. Each level of society keeps to themselves. They work and live according to how they were conditioned. They do not have a certain ordinance on manners or behavior; they are promiscuous and, for the most part, outgoing. The characters in Brave New World do not know the meaning of the word love. They do not have the slightest inkling of what it is like to have a family; the ideas of parents and childbirth repulse them. The Giver has a society that believes in having families for stability, but they do not believe in love. The word is broad and meaningless. When Jonas asked his parents if they loved him, they laughed and told him to be more specific because language is everything. Do they enjoy him? Yes.... ...ves, and to my interpretation, dies. Both John and Jonas were not mentally equipped to handle the situations they were confronted with.    While many may not observe the similarities or differences in Brave New World and The Giver, they are quite obvious. While one society is repulsed at the past, the other simply erases it from memory and it is never spoken of. Neither society believes in love or family, but there are subtle differences in their beliefs. While The Giver has no definite caste system, they have certain procedures for levels of society. John and Jonas are similar characters who are confronted with inner turmoil and find their own way out. Brave New World and The Giver are wonderful works of art that are extremely close in storylines. Whether one believes that they are similar or different, it must be said that the resemblances are almost scary.

Intellectual and social development of infants Essay

Nature can influence a child’s intellectual development, by genetic inheritance, the child could have inherited Down syndrome, which could cause a later development with the children’s speech and language, Down syndrome can also affect the muscles for them to become weak. They can also develop behaviour issues, such as autism, stubbornness, tantrums, compulsive and obsessive disorders. Children with Down syndrome can also develop a brain disorder which can affect the memory, judgement and function in later life. Another genetic disorder that can affect a child’s intellectual development is Angelman syndrome. If a child has inherited Angelman syndrome this will affect the child’s nervous system. The characteristic that are affect by this condition can include, intellectual disability for example learning difficulties, looking after themselves and communicating. These genetic inheritances can affect the child’s learning skills and also the social skills for the child. Nurture can affect the child’s intellectual development, when the child is in school, the teacher might not be teaching the child the best way. This will affect the child’s learning skills. Another affect that nurture has on intellectual development would be the environment, if a child is brought up in crime, then there is a possibility that the child will grow up to commit crime. Another affect would be if the child parents do not spend time with the child after school, to help complete their homework then they can fall behind in lessons. Nature can affect a child’s social development, if the child has inherited Autism. People with Autism find it hard to build relationships with people. This will make it hard from them to communicate in school, with other children. Autistic people also have difficulty with their speech and language. They also prefer to be alone which can also affect the child’s social development. Nurture can affect the child’s social development, by the child brought up in an abuse family the child will have to look outside the family for stability and affection. The environment can affect social development. If the child interacts with people doing crime, the child will also be lead into crime in the future. An example of nurture which can affect the social development would be a boy 12-13 years who was found running around with wolves in France. When the child was brought back into society, he could not talk or walk and he never developed as a normal human being, this shows that if a child needs to be taught socially to develop in the right way. Physical and emotional development of adolescents Nature can affect adults physical development, Nurture can affect an adults physical development, by environmental influences such as; exposure to toxins, illnesses and being raised in poor living conditions can also affect physical development. Head injuries, infections, lead poisoning are few of the many environmental reasons for affected physical development. Another affect for physical development would be if an adult has been in a car accident, amputation may be needed; this will lead to the adult not being able to walk. Old age can also affect physical development, as the adult is getting older their muscles, bones and internal organs are becoming weaker. When they reach old age their muscles and bones, will become stiffer, this will affect their walking. Nature can affect adults emotional development, with the hormones in the adult body, the hormones can affect emotional development. For example people born with high levels of testosterone can become more courageous and aggressive, where as someone with extreme levels of estrogen will lead to sensitivity and emotion. Nurture can affect an adult’s emotional development, if a family or friend has passed away, this can affect the adults emotional development. Another affect for emotional development would be marriage and divorce,

Major Risk Factors Of Cardiovascular Diseases Health And Social Care Essay

Methodology: An urban based descriptive, cross sectional, quantitative survey was conducted among 144 adolescent pupils of class XI and XII in one populace and one private higher secondary schools of Kathmandu territory. Students and schools were selected purposively. Datas were collected with the aid of semi structured ego administered questionnaire. Questionnaire was based on Likert graduated table. Data analysis was performed by utilizing SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Consequences: Overall 36.8 per centum of respondents had good cognition, 55.6 per centum had fair cognition and the left 7.6 per centum had hapless cognition sing the major hazard factors of CVDs. Beginnings of wellness information was found statistically important ( p=0.004 ) with the cognition of respondents. Sing overall attitude, the bulk ( 47.9 % ) had the impersonal attitude followed by positive ( 31.9 % ) and one fifth possessed negative attitudes. Knowledge versus attitude sing the major hazard factors of CVDs was found statistically important ( p=0.002 ) . Decision: Consequences of this survey revealed that good cognition every bit good as positive attitude towards major hazard factors of CVDs among the adolescent pupils is unsatisfactory. And socio demographic factors for good cognition and good cognition for the development of positive attitude dramas critical function. Cardinal words: Knowledge, Attitude, Major hazard factors, Cardiovascular diseases, AdolescentIntroductionCardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) are a group of upsets of the bosom and blood vessels.1 Surveies have shown that some people are at greater hazard of cardiovascular disease than others. Factors linked to an increased hazard of developing cardiovascular disease are heredity or household history, age, sex, baccy chewing/smoking, raised blood cholesterin degree, high blood force per unit area, physical inaction, inordinate intoxicant ingestion, corpulence and obesity.2 Although cardiovascular diseases typically occur in in-between age or subsequently, hazard factors are determined to a great extent by behaviors learned in childhood and continued into maturity, such as dietetic wonts and smoke. Throughout the universe, these hazards are get downing to look earlier. Physical activity decreases markedly in adolescence, peculiarly in misss. Obesity has increased well, non merely in Euro pe and North America, but besides in traditionally slight populations such as the Chinese and Japanese.3 By the clip that bosom jobs are detected, the implicit in cause ( coronary artery disease ) is normally rather advanced, holding progressed for decennaries. There is hence increased accent on forestalling coronary artery disease by modifying hazard factors, such as healthy feeding, exercising and turning away of smoking.4 More than half of the Nepali work forces and about one fifth of the Nepali adult females were found Current baccy users ( both fume and smokeless signifiers ) . And the average age of the start of smoke was found to be 18.8 old ages for work forces and 12.9 old ages for adult females. Similarly more than one 4th of the respondents were found to be current users of alcoholic drinks. Around 9 % of the population was found to hold reported prevalence of high BP as told by their wellness attention professional. And around 7 % in both sexes were identified fleshy whereas out of entire respondents, more than 80 % were found holding either one or more hazard factors.5 Bed tenancy rate of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center was 85.61 % which was the 2nd highest among the cardinal infirmaries. And the instance burden of the in the same infirmary during Fiscal Old ages 2005 to 2008 was in increasing tendency by more than 14 % per year.6 CVDs are the taking cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.7 The South Asiatic states Nepal, India, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka and Bangladesh contribute most to the worldwide CVDs load. 8 In Nepal, it is estimated that 5.6 % of people populating in the mountains, 1.5 % in the hills and 5 % of people in the terai part suffer from CVDs. Five to 20 % of grownups are reported to endure from high blood pressure, with a lower prevalence in the rural countries. 9MethodologyAn urban based descriptive, cross sectional, quantitative survey was conducted among 15-19 old ages old adolescent pupils of Kathmandu territory. The survey was took topographic point after the blessing of research proposal by the research commission at the Department of Community Medicine and Family Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University. The questionnaire for the study was constructed taking mention of WHO STEPS Manual for chronic disease. To mensurate the peculiar and overall attitude widely utilizing Likert graduated table was applied. The questionnaire was prepared in Nepali, a local linguistic communication, so that pupils could understand easy. Questionnaire was pretested. Before the study conductivity intent of the survey was explained and informed consent was taken from school disposal every bit good as from the pupils. Schools and pupils were selected purposively. Selected both of the schools were from Maharajgunj vicinity of Kathmandu territory. Among the two schools selected, one was public ( Shivapuri Higher Secondary School ) and another was private ( Orient International College ) . All present pupils of one subdivision in each of class XI and XII were involved to make full up the ego administered semi structured questionnaire. Out of entire 492 pupils enrolled 144 ( 29.3 % of the sum ) were selected, 75 from grade XI and 69 from Twelve, for the survey. Data analysis was performed by utilizing SPSS 17.0 for Windows. To prove the statistical significance of cross tabulated in formations, non parametric chi-square trial was applied. Study took topographic point in November 2010.ConsequencesSocio demographic Features of the Study PopulationMedian age of the respondent was 17 old ages. Sexual activity ratio was 1.03 ( M: F ) . Brahmin/Chhetri possessed 47.9 per centum followed by Mongolians ( 26.4 % ) , Newar ( 19.4 % ) and other castes ( Majhi, Pariyar, Tharu etc ) possessed 6.3 per centum. Major faith was Hindu ( 84 % ) followed by Buddhism ( 11.8 % ) and 4.2 per centum were Christian. Most of the respondents ( 83.3 % ) belonged to middle category household followed by higher category ( 14.5 % ) and 2.08 per centum were from lower category household. 20.8 per centum of respondents ‘ male parent and 46.5 per centum respondents ‘ female parent had no formal instruction at all. Service, agribusiness, concern and homemaker were the major businesss of the respondent ‘s parents. Sing the question whether they had of all time known anyone ( fam ily/friends/relatives ) diagnosed as CVD. Remarkable per centum ( 42.4 % ) was responded as â€Å" yes † . Similarly sing the question about chief beginning of wellness information, the bulk ( 44.5 % ) were responded that they were acquiring the wellness information from electronic media ( Television, Radio, Internet ) followed by Family/friends/health worker ( 28.4 % ) and from publishing media such a newspaper, curricular books etc. ( 27.1 % ) .Knowledge sing the major hazard factorsThe highest 91.7 per centum respondents identified baccy chew/ fume as a hazard factor followed by inordinate intoxicant ingestion ( 88.9 % ) , fatty/oily/ high cholesterin ( 87.5 % ) , high BP ( 86.1 % ) , obesity/overweight ( 69.4 % ) , physical inaction ( 59.7 % ) , old age ( 52.8 % ) and the respondents who identified heredity as a hazard factor of CVDs was 48.6 per centum.Knowledge rating sing the CVD hazard factorsTable 1 shows that the highest ( 55.6 % ) had the just cognition followed by good cognition ( 36.8 % ) and 7.6 per centum had hapless cognition.Table 1: Knowledge rating sing the CVD hazard factors ( N= 144 )Knowledge GradingNumber ( n )Percent ( % )Poor ( & lt ; 4 right response ) Fair ( 4 – 5 right response ) Good ( & gt ; 5 right response ) Entire 11 80 53 144 7.6 55.6 36.8 100.0Analysis of cognition by socio-demographic features of respondentsFindingss show that good cognition was higher in males ( 42.5 % ) than the females ( 31.0 % ) . Majority of respondents of Newar ethnics ( 53.6 % ) possessed good cognition than that of other ethnics. Good cognition was found highest among respondents of higher category household ( 38.1 % ) followed by in-between category ( 36.7 % ) and lower category household ( 33.3 % ) . Findingss besides show respondent ‘s good cognition was higher among them whose parent ‘s educational position was high. Good cognition was found higher ( 41.0 % ) among those respondents who had of all time known person diagnosed as CVDs. Those who had responded household friends/health works every bit chief beginning of wellness information had higher good cognition ( 43.9 % ) and it is statistically important ( p=0.004 ) at 5 per centum of significance degree.Attitude sing major hazard factors:Attitude of respondents sing the maj or hazard factors of CVDs were assessed through already pretested eight attitudes proving statements based on the Likert graduated table. Sing the statement â€Å" CVD is an old age job so I do n't care † two 3rd ( 66.7 % ) of the respondents showed their strongly dissension followed by dissension ( 18.1 % ) . Sing the statement â€Å" CVD is either heredity job or non, I do n't care † bulk ( 55.6 % ) of respondents showed their strongly dissension followed by dissension ( 22.9 % ) . Similarly, sing the statement â€Å" High BP is a minor job so no demand to worry about † 30.6 per centum of respondents showed their strongly dissension every bit good as dissension followed by understanding ( 21.5 % ) . Sing the statement â€Å" Majority of physically inactive people get CVD † 46.5 per centum of respondents showed their understanding followed by strongly understanding ( 25 % ) . Likewise, attitude sing the statement â€Å" Tobacco chewing/smoking cause CVD ; non certain † 35.4 per centum of respondents showed their strongly dissension followed by dissension ( 26.4 % ) . Similarly, attit ude sing the statement â€Å" Over weight: godown of diseases/CVD † more than half ( 52.1 % ) of respondents showed their understanding followed strongly understanding ( 26.4 % ) . Sing the statement â€Å" Fatty diet taking old people are still alive † more than one 3rd ( 34.7 % ) of respondents showed their dissension followed by strongly disagreement ( 29.2 % ) . Similarly, sing the statement â€Å" Consumption of inordinate intoxicant is to ask for CVD † 42.4 per centum of respondents showed their understanding followed by strongly understanding ( 41.7 % ) .Attitude rating sing CVD hazard factorsTable 2 shows that the highest ( 47.9 % ) had the impersonal attitude followed by positive ( 31.9 % ) and 20.1 per centum had negative attitude.Table 2: Attitude rating sing CVD hazard factors ( N=144 )Knowledge GradingNumber ( n )Percent ( % )Negative ( & lt ; 4 positive response ) Neutral ( 4-5 positive response ) Positive ( & gt ; 5 positive response ) Entire 29 69 46 144 20.1 47.9 31.9 100.0Knowledge versus attitude sing CVD hazard factorsTable 3 shows that respondents holding hapless cognition had highest ( 54.5 % ) negative attitude whereas respondents holding just cognition had the highest impersonal ( 53.8 % ) attitude and those holding good cognition had the highest positive attitude toward the major hazard factors of CVDs and it is besides statistically important ( p= 0.002 ) at 5 per centum of significance degree.Table 3: Knowledge versus attitude sing CVD hazard factorsCognition Attitude sing CVD hazard factorsNegativeImpersonalPoor Carnival Good 6 ( 54.5 ) 17 ( 21.3 ) 6 ( 11.3 ) 4 ( 36.4 ) 43 ( 53.8 ) 22 ( 41.5 )DiscussionFindingss suggested that adolescent pupils lack overall cognition sing the major hazard factors of cardiovascular diseases and are consistent with the survey conducted among the pupils of classs ( 9-12 ) from four high schools of Michigan, USA in 2005.10 The figure of respondents who knew high blood force per unit area as hazard factor ( 86.1 % ) was lower ( over 91 % ) , baccy chewing/smoking ( 91.7 % ) was slight more ( over 90 % ) , physically inactive ( 59.7 % ) was lower ( over 72 % ) than reported by Richard Frost, MD, in an survey conducted in pupils of State University of New York at Plattsburgh in 2006. 11 The figure of respondents who had shown positive attitude sing the hazard factors such as physically inactive ( 71.5 % ) was lower ( over 88 % ) , baccy chewing/smoking ( 61.8 % ) was higher ( over 55 % ) , high fatso, oily/cholesterol diet ( 63.9 % ) was lower ( over 91 % ) than that of reported by Aysha Almas et Al. in an survey conducted in University pupils of Karanchi, Pakistan in 2005. 12 The findings of the survey show that boys possessed more â€Å" good cognition † than misss. This difference can partially be explained by the patriarchal society where gender favoritism is prevailing. Normally male childs have higher chance to have information as they are more open to the outer universe than that of misss. The findings of the survey stress the influence of socio demographic variables on the degree of cognition. Knowledge sing major hazard factors varied among different cultural groups. Respondents belonging to Newar ethnics had highest â€Å" good cognition † followed by Brahmin/Chhetri, Mangolian and others severally. This may be due to Newars are locals of capital metropolis and Brahmins/Chhetri are frontward advantageous group since antediluvian. In instance of parents educational position highest good cognition was observed in respondents holding their parent ‘s educational position higher. And the lowest cognition was observed in respondents holding their parent ‘s educational position as no formal instruction. Therefore it can be said that parent ‘s instruction has decidedly played some function in the respondents ‘ cognition. It may be because educated parents might hold taught their offspring about the healthful behaviours. Sing the chief beginning of wellness information good cognition was found highest ( 43.9 % ) among the human resource users followed by publishing media ( 30.7 % ) and electronic media ( 28.1 % ) . This might be due to easy handiness of fee suggestions in our society by people. Positive attitude among the respondents who preferred the printing media as chief beginning of wellness information was found higher. It might be due to in depth information that we can acquire from printed stuffs such as newspaper, books etc. Finding of Knowledge versus attitude cross tabular matter besides shows that those who had higher cognition possessed positive attitude and frailty versa. This might be due to the demand of cognition for the attitude formation.decisionConsequences of the survey show that good cognition and positive attitude sing the major hazard factors of CVDs among the adolescent pupils of Kathmandu territory are unsatisfactory. And socio demographic factors for the development of good cognition and good cognition for the development of positive attitude dramas critical function. Due to the altering life manner of Nepali people these yearss, they are more susceptibleness to life manner related diseases like CVDs. Therefore to forestall CVDs, timely acceptance of healthful wonts are most and the really age group for this is the stripling. Adolescent centered activities that can raise cognition and develop positive attitude towards hazard factors so that healthful wonts can be formed are strongly rec ommended.recognitionI would wish to show my sincere gratitude to the Department of Community Medicine and Family Health, Institute of Medicine for supplying me an chance to carry on this research work. I would besides wish to widen my profound gratitude to my research supervisor Associate Prof. Dr. Rajendra Raj Wagle for his nonstop counsel and punctilious redaction of faux pass.

Distribution Decision essays

Distribution Decision essays In assessing distribution strategies for the companys human resources applications its critical to keep in mind that as a small and relatively unknown software developer, gaining the attention of software distributors is going to be a daunting and potentially very expensive strategy. Keeping in mind that software distributors have literally hundreds if not thousands of software companies approaching them to sell their applications, its clear that the competition in the software distributor channel is daunting. To get a software distributor to resell the human resources applications, inordinately high gross margins will also have to be offered to compensate for the lack of awareness of the brand. Further, there is no assurance the software distributors will work to understand the specifics of the application itself as well. The bottom line is that relying on software distributors is going to be quite expensive, time-consuming and could easily drain essential resources in the compa ny. Selling over the Internet would allow for global distribution literally overnight and more control of selling and support costs. Most importantly, selling directly over the Internet ensures the positioning and value of the software is communicated correctly. Conversely, software distribution would provide an opportunity to gain greater brand exposure and brand development opportunities. Further, developing software distribution relationships is often a lengthy process which can lead to meeting many other comparable smaller companies, in addition to distributors willing to take a chance on a new and unknown application. Software distributors can be source of long-term knowledge and insight not accessible anywhere else. ...

Grow Calcium Chloride Crystals

Grow Calcium Chloride Crystals   Its easy to grow calcium chloride crystals. The crystals are thin, six-sided needles that catch the light so that they seem to glow from within. Materials calcium chloride - CaCl2 water - H2O Although you may not know it, you probably have calcium chloride in your home. This salt is used in moisture control products, such as DampRid, and in salt to remove ice from sidewalks. If you use road salt, check the label to make sure its calcium chloride and not another chemical. You can also order calcium chloride online. Grow Crystals The procedure for growing calcium chloride crystals is essential the same as growing table salt crystals or those of any salt.   Heat water to a full rolling boil. The solubility of any salt is highly dependent on temperature.Stir in calcium chloride until it stops dissolving. If you like, you can filter the solution into a new container, discarding any remaining solids.Place the container with the solution in a place where it wont be disturbed. Let the crystals grow. Tips Ordinarily you can remove crystals and preserve them, but calcium chloride is so hygroscopic, taking the crystals out and leaving them in open air will lead to degradation within hours. Its best to appreciate these crystals in their solution.Calcium chloride crystals are naturally colorless. You can try to color the crystals by adding food coloring to the crystal growing solution.One easy way to grow these crystals is simply to leave a container of DampRid hanging in your home or vehicle. Eventually the conditions will become right for crystal formation.

Intellectual Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Intellectual Property Law - Essay Example An understanding of the philosophical premises behind Property rights are necessary in the understanding of the tug of war between the owners and the users of intangible information.1 Legal Commentators have often expressed their doubts as to whether these rights are actually rights or privileges as Machlup and Penrose have noted:2 " ... those who started to use the word property in connection with inventions had a very definite purpose in mind they wanted to substitute a word with a respectable connotation, 'property', for a word that had an unpleasant ring, 'privilege'." Intellectual property as a "property" thus is an intangible category of property with boundaries that are not always clear cut and which must be actively defended by the holder against infringements. 3 Tangible property is however visible and documented, and the boundaries are more easily given than for intellectual property.4 The law has developed to protect a person who holds certain intellectual property will be able to defend this property only if he/she is granted a particular right over this property. For example in relation to patents the rights are defined by the patent authorities based on what is defined in the patent claims.Like other property (tangible) one has to pay certain fees in order to have their "intellectual" property claim examined and determined and also of continuance fees paid.5 The concept of property rights thus stems from the ideas of John Locke.6Furthermore the notions of property rights developed in the 18th century as one of the core civil rights parallel to-and mutually reinforcing-the right to liberty.7However, most philosophers have put forward the notion that property is not a natural right but rather a deliberate construction by society in order to secure protection against pressure from the collective.8 Subscribing to the view that property is justified as a foundation for liberty and personal security which provides incentives for long-term investments.Also that if these rights are not balanced or protected they will affect economic growth and poverty reduction.as unpredictable property relationships always impeded impede economic growth.9Revisiting the tangible and intangible discussion between property it can be seen that it has been argues that while tangible property rights easily cause conflict this is not the case with as the popular notion with in the case law is that "no patent can stop a person from continuing something he has done before"10.However the problem arises before the courts when the patent claims do not just include what is actually new and invented and this causes problems in identifying what is known and whether existing processes and products would infact infringe the patent.There is a marked certainity thus despite the legal framework with regard to which a ctivities are acceptable and which activities might infringe the patent. A granted patent right is considered to fall within the scope of "possessions" inArticle 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms. However, the European Court of Human Rights has declined to give an opinion on whether a patent application

Career in Education That Began with 'Teach for America' Article

Career in Education That Began with 'Teach for America' - Article Example There is a personal relationship between Steven and the author, the author being his teacher. The article is a biographical study which spanned through seven years. The methodology used by the author is the conduct of interviews with Steven either personally or through telephone. The author used the biographic-narrative-interpretive (BNIM) method where the interview questions formulated induce narratives (Tellez 6). The author considered this method as very appropriate for the data that he needs for the study, considering that Steve is capable of making the necessary narratives given a simple question. The author also made field observations while Steve was holding classes and he made some video recordings of such. The data were analyzed using the axial coding of themes (Tellez 8). One important finding that the author gained from the biographical study of Steve is that teachers like Steve who began their career without a preservice teaching program were more engaged and directed com pared to other teachers who started their careers with a teaching degree (Tellez 31). Furthermore, the author concludes that teaching should consider the cultural aspect of learning to be effective (Tellez 34). He also emphasized the need for the universities to support a continuous education program for teachers to enhance their professional growth. One cannot totally consider the study by Tellez as sufficient to come up with valid conclusions. First of all, the study is just confined to only one person; thus, generalizations cannot be made. In order for the study to have more weight, the author should have considered a bigger sample size. It would have been better if he studied two types of teachers, one being those who started a teaching career without formal training, like Steve and the other group to be composed of teachers who have preservice teaching program. Another weakness of the study that could be pointed out is the fact that there is the possibility that the author have not been objective in his observations of Steve. This is because of their teacher-student relationship which is further strengthened by their personal relationship as friends. One thinks that a biographical study is not the write genre to use in making conclusions with regards to the teaching profession. A more scientific survey may have resulted in more valid and justified conclusions. One believes that the only legitimate conclusion that can be obtained from this study is that Steve is an effective teacher. Other than that, it does not offer any other convincing finding in the teaching profession. Redefining Student Success: Applying Different Multinomial Regression Techniques for the Study of Student Graduation across Institutions of Higher Education The main thesis of the study is to obtain a clearer picture of the student success rate in higher education by expanding the definition of success. Four categories will be included in the definition of success to cover not only thos e students who graduate with the institution where they entered. The other categories shall include students who get a baccalaureate degree from another higher education institution and students who receive an associate degree/certificate award from another institution (Jones-White, Radcliffe, and Huesman 155). It is the hypothesis of the study

Operational Management of Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Operational Management of Risk - Essay Example 1. Aircraft fuelling for small jets, small piston aircrafts, older piston planes. 2. Stored Plane Fuelling Service, i.e, removal of aircraft from individual hangar & fueling. 3. Fueling of aircrafts on the flight line (where aircraft lines up for take off & after landing). 4. Preparing for self service fuelling for private aircraft owners & pilots. 5. Repair & Maintenance of 15 private & the transient hangars. 6. Inspection of safety & fire violations. 7. Transportation & Carriage of planes from hangar to flight line & vice-versa. 8. Management of landed flight directions, parking & refueling. 9. Management & Accounting of fuel charges of fuelling & parking. 10. Provision of on duty staff for maintenance of all fuel storage tanks, piping and pumps at the airport's small fuel farm (three storage tanks). Sec. 1.b: Identification of one critical stakeholder/crew for each operational activity in Sec. 1.a. (Corresponding list of stakeholders/crew.) 1. Chemical/Fluid Mechanic Engineer expert in identification of fuel & air craft engines for guidance to labors in fueling different categories of planes. 2. Aircraft Maintenance Engineer & Stores Manager for managing safe removal of plane & chemical engineer for relevant fuelling according to the type of plane. 3. Site Aircraft Maintenance Engineer & Aircraft Parking Manager. 4. IT Infrastructure Development Engineering Manager. 5. Aircraft Maintenance Engineer / Stores Manager. 6. Safety / Fire Engineer or Manager. 7. Transportation Manager. 8. Chemical/Fluid Mechanic Engineer & Transportation Manager. 9. Accounts/Billing Manager. 10. Site Maintenance Engineer. Sec. 1.c: Identification of a consultation/communication technique/strategy to engage the stakeholder in risk... The essay "Operational Management of Risk" talks about the case study on the East Coast Aviation Service Company situated in Wales. The main focus of the study is to work out the specific queries on the risk identification techniques, risk analysis and the risk treatment approaches.Any project is required to be managed through a well structured hierarchy & reporting results to work out problems in processes & project performance tracking to categorizing them in problems & solution sets for in all cases that would be easy for review & changes too in later time for implementation of new plans & strategies. Following is a stake holder hierarchy that I think will work in automating the processes. A project manager lead responsible for management of all the undergoing project’s solutions, & performance tracking to help technical member/engineers to concentrate more on technical side development, instead of increasing their over heads of managing all of the things that will not work for sure. Every person should have only that much burden & responsibilities that he/she could manage, else, may result in increased attrition & depreciation of employer’s image in employee cadre & further consideration for career development. This hierarchy will enable the communication in cross functional hierarchies across the organization & provide an ease to handle the process implementation. The communication approach may differ on the basis of the situations.

Example Research Trail

Example Research Trail Research Trail Question Title: An engineering business with its headquarters in the Netherlands could either set up a branch in Belgium to service its Belgian customers or offer its services to Belgian clients from its office in the Netherlands. The first case would constitute establishment, the second would merely refer to the provision of services. Horspool and Humphreys, European Union Law, 4th ed. In the light of this statement explain the development that has taken place in European Union law relating to the rules of establishment and provision of services. Assess the extent to which the European Court of Justice has been able to draw clear lines of distinction between them. Texts: Library search for general EU law texts: Craig and De Burca: â€Å"EU law: Text Cases and Materials†. Chapter 18: Freedom of establishment and to provide servies. Chalmers, Hadjiemmanuil, Monti and Tomkins. â€Å"European Union Law: Text and Materials†. Chapter 17; The free movement of services Weatherhill. Cases and Materials on EU law. Chapter 14 â€Å"Freedom of Establishment and freemovemennt of services: Articles 43 and 49† Internet resources: Search of www.google.scholar.com Terms: right to practise law EU freedom of establishment services Freedom of establishment free movement of services Awesti, A. (2006). Intergovernmentalist theory and Eurosclerosicm: an Intergovernmentalist critique. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/phd/crips/working_papers/2006/working_paper_2_awesti.pdf Flint, D. Moens, G. (1993). Business Law of the European Community. DataLegal Publications; Brisbane. (Book review which I then found at the library). Foster, N. (1991). European Community Law and the freedom of lawyers in the United Kingdom and Germany. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly ,Vol.40,No.3.(Jul.,1991),pp.607-634. Goebel, R. (1992). Lawyers In The European Community: Progress Towards Community-Wide Rights Of Practice. Fordham Intl LJ 15, Malcolm Ross, ‘Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services: Mutual Recognition of Professional Qualifications’ (1989) 14 Eur L Rev 162, 165. Nicolaà ¯dis, K. (2006). „Globalization with Human Faces: Managed Mutual Recognition and the Free Movement of Professionalsâ€Å" contained in Fiorella, K. Padoa, S. (eds.)(2004). The Principle of Mutual Recognition in the European Integration Process. Palgrave: Basingstoke. Podell, M. (2001). When zeal for European Unity overcame common sense: the lawyers directive. Boston college Law review. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/23_1/03_TXT.htm Quinn, J. (2004). The right to practise law in the European Union: an American perspective. (1).113-129. http://austlii.law.uts.edu.au/au/journals/MqBLJ/2004/6.html Cases (primary sources): Westlaw Search: Search by terms: freedom of establishment services lawyers C-243/01. Criminal Proceedings against Gambelli [2006] 1 C.M.L.R. 35 C-221/89. R. v Secretary of State for Transport Ex p. Factortame Ltd [1991] 3 All E.R. 769. Para 20. C-2/74. Jean Reyners v Belgian State [1974]ECR 00631. C-283/99. Commission v Italy [2001] ECR I-4363 C-33/74. J. H. M. Van Binsbergen v Bestuur Van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid [1975] 1 C.M.L.R. 304. C-55/94. Reinhard Gebhard v Consiglio DellOrdine degli Avvocati E Procuratori di Milano C-70/95. Sodemare et al v Regione Lombardia [1998] E.J.H.L 67 C-26/62. Van Gend En Loos v Nederlandse Administratie Der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1. C-427/85. Commission v Germany [1988] ECR 1123. C-294/89. Commission v French Republic. C-340/89. Irene Vlassopoulou v Ministerium fà ¼r Justiz Bundes-und Europaan-gelegenheiten Baden Wurttemberg [1991] ECR 2357. C-168/98. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg v European Parliament and Council of the European Union [2000] ECR I-09131 C-506/04. Graham J. Wilson v Ordre des avocats du barreau de Luxembourg. Treaty Articles and Directives Eur-Lex. Art 44(2) TEC. Art 47(1) TEC Art 47(2) TEC. Directive 85/384/EEC on the mutual recognition of diplomas Directive 2005/36/EC for the Recognition of Professional Qualifications Directive 77/249 (preamble) Directive 77/249. Art 5. Directive 89/48 Article 2. Directive 89/48 Article 4. Directive 89/48 Article 1(g) Directive 98/5. Article 3(1). Directive 98/5. Article 5(1). Directive 98/5. Article 10. Directive 98/5. Article 10 (1). Word Count 498.

How to Deal with Moral Differences :: Papers Ethics Morality

How to Deal with Moral Differences The first way is to believe there are no morally right or wrong viewpoints. The moral issue is just a cultural game and neither your opinions or mine matters. Therefore there is no right or wrong. This view is called moral nihilism. Related to this idea is moral skepticism, which holds that we can’t know any moral truths, and moral subjectivism, which holds that moral views are merely inner states in a person and that they can’t be compared to the inner states of another person. However believing in the above solves no problems, if nobody is right and nobody is wrong. The second way is to believe that there is no universal truth, that each culture has its own set of rules that are valid and apply to that culture, they don’t interfere with our rules and we don’t interfere with theirs, this is called ethical relativism. This belief is viewed as an attitude of tolerance. This belief solves conflicts in the idea that whatever the majority deems to be the moral rule is the rule to follow. The third belief is that deep down in spite of all the cultures differences we call all still agree on a certain moral basics, that people everywhere have basically the same human nature but that we just adapt it into our environment, this idea is called Soft Universalism. Universalism because it perceives that there are some universal moral rules; soft because it is not as radical as hard universalism. This belief can solve problems because its main goal is to seek common ground beneath the variety of opinions and mores. The fourth belief is called hard universalism, this is the absolute opposite of moral nihilism stating that there is only one universal moral code. This belief solves problems with hard evidence and reason. Problems with Ethical Relativism: (1) No Criticism or Praise of Other Cultures, we need to criticize or praise other cultures morals to maintain our own moral integrity. (2) Majority Rule, the idea of the majority always being right is just not rational. (3) Professed or Actual Morality? this is the idea that a certain kind of behavior is normal, but what is â€Å"normal†? for example when a group was asked about infidelity the majority was against it but when the same group was asked if they had committed it, the majority had. (4) What is a Majority? In the instance of euthanasia if a law is passed tomorrow